The early spring weather means many of us are spending more time outside. We aren’t the only ones enjoying the unseasonable warmth – the change in weather also brings out ticks – small bugs that feed on the blood of humans and animals and can sometimes transmit disease.
Ticks are most often found in tall grass and wooded areas, so covering up before you head outdoors and checking for ticks on yourself, your children, and your pets after being outdoors, are simple things that go a long way to prevent tick bites.
“The most common tick species in the Interior Health region is the wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), which is not known to carry the Lyme disease bacteria,” Dr. Silvina Mema, IH medical health said in a statement issued by the agency on Tuesday, March 15. “The wood tick can carry other diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, although it is very rare. Some ticks also have toxins that can cause temporary muscle weakness and paralysis but the symptoms fade once the tick is removed.”
The tick species that carries Lyme disease (Ixodes pacificus) is more common in the coastal areas of BC, but may also be present in low numbers in areas within Interior Health. Less than one per cent of Ixodes ticks in BC carry Lyme disease. In addition to fever, headache, and muscle pain, people infected with Lyme disease will often develop a rash that looks like a bull’s-eye target and expands from the site of the tick bite.
“Most tick bites do not result in illness; however, all tick bites should be cleaned, as infection can occur whenever there is a break in the skin,” Mema said. “It is important to watch for signs of tick-transmitted illnesses. Signs of many tick-borne infections can be quite similar and include fever, headache, muscle pain, and rash. Anyone who experiences a bull’s-eye rash or other symptoms should see a doctor as soon as possible.”
Other precautions include:
- Walking on cleared trails when in tall grass or wooded areas;
- Wearing a hat, long sleeves, pants, and light-coloured clothing;
- Tucking pant legs into socks or boots;
- Applying insect repellent containing DEET on uncovered skin;
- Carefully checking clothing and scalp (covered or not) when leaving an area where ticks may live; and
- Having a shower after returning from areas where ticks may live.
To reduce ticks from entering your home and yard, try these steps:
- Keep your lawn short and remove any fallen leaves and weeds;
- Keep a buffer area such as wood-chip or gravel border between your lawn and wooded areas or stone walls;
- Any play equipment or play zones should be kept away from wooded areas;
- Trim tree branches to allow more sunlight in your yard;
- Keep wood piles and bird feeders away from the house; and
- Widen and maintain trails on your property.
If you find a tick on yourself, a family member, or pet, wear gloves and gently remove it. Use needle-nose tweezers to gently grasp the tick close to the skin and pull the tick straight out without squeezing. After removal, clean the area with soap and water. If you have concerns or need assistance removing a tick, please contact your family doctor or visit a walk-in medical clinic.
More information is available at:
Ticks and Lyme Disease – Interior Health: https://www.interiorhealth.ca/YourEnvironment/CommunicableDiseaseControl/Pages/Ticks.aspx
HealthLink BC file: http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/hfile01.stm
Tick Talk – BC Centre for Disease Control: http://www.bccdc.ca/dis-cond/a-z/_l/LymeDisease/ticktalk/ticktalkvideos/TickTalkVideoEnglish.htm
